September 16, 2023

Boat Fire Extinguisher: Essential Guide for Maritime Safety

Boat fire extinguishers play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of all passengers and crew members on board. These specialized extinguishers are designed to combat various types of fires that may occur on a vessel, whether it's a small pleasure craft or a large yacht. They are subject to strict regulations and standards set forth by organizations like the US Coast Guard.

It is essential for boat owners and operators to understand the different types of boat fire extinguishers, their classifications, and how to maintain and properly use them in case of an emergency.

Selecting the right boat fire extinguisher is essential, as various models specialize in combating different types of fires. Understanding the types of fires that can occur on a boat helps to choose a fire extinguisher with the appropriate classification. Proper installation and accessibility on a boat are also crucial in ensuring its effective use during an emergency.

Beyond selecting the right model, boat owners must follow proper maintenance guidelines and adhere to safety measures to keep their fire extinguishers in working condition.

Key Takeaways

Choosing the right boat fire extinguisher based on boat type and fire classification is essential for safety.
Proper installation, accessibility, and maintenance of fire extinguishers ensure their effectiveness during an emergency.
Adhering to regulations and safety measures minimizes the risk of boat fires and enhances overall safety on the water.

Types of Boat Fire Extinguishers

B-I and B-II Extinguishers

B-I and B-II extinguishers were once commonly used on boats, but they are no longer acceptable according to recent regulations¹. Instead, boats should now carry fire extinguishers labeled as 5-B or 20-B². These updated extinguishers provide a higher level of protection and efficiency in extinguishing boat fires.

Dry Chemical Extinguishers

Dry chemical extinguishers are a popular choice for boat owners due to their versatility. They are often classified as ABC extinguishers, meaning they can effectively tackle fires involving ordinary combustibles, flammable liquids, and electrical equipment³. Commonly used dry chemical extinguishers include the Amerex brand, which offers reliable protection against various types of fires.

CO2 Extinguishers

Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers work by displacing the oxygen in the fire, effectively suffocating it⁴. These extinguishers are particularly useful for tackling electrical fires and flammable liquid fires on boats. Although CO2 extinguishers are an effective option, they may not be suitable for every type of fire, and are not recommended for general use in areas with ordinary combustibles.

Halon Extinguishers

Halon extinguishers, including the Halotron variant, are clean agent extinguishers that leave no residue after deployment. They are effective against various types of fires, including those involving flammable liquids and electrical equipment⁴. Halon extinguishers have been widely used in marine applications due to their effectiveness and clean-discharge properties. However, it is important to note that the production of new Halon extinguishers has been phased out due to environmental concerns, making them less common in the market⁴.

Fire Extinguisher Classifications

Class A Fires

Class A fires involve common combustible materials such as wood, paper, or fabric. These fires can occur frequently on boats, especially wooden ones. To effectively fight Class A fires, it is important to use a fire extinguisher rated for this specific class. These extinguishers usually contain water or a foam-based agent, which are effective in cooling and extinguishing the flames. It is crucial to ensure that boats have an appropriate Class A fire extinguisher readily available in case of such incidents.

Class B Fires

Class B fires are caused by flammable liquids like gasoline, oil, and diesel fuel, which are commonly found in boat engines and fuel systems. These fires can spread rapidly and create intense heat, making them particularly dangerous. A Class B fire extinguisher is specially designed to tackle such fires by using a chemical agent capable of suppressing the flames and preventing the fire from reigniting. It is highly recommended by the Coast Guard to have at least one B-1 marine fire extinguisher on board at all times.

Class C Fires

Class C fires refer to fires involving electrical equipment, such as wiring, motors, or electrical panels. These fires can be particularly challenging to extinguish because they may continue as long as the electrical source is active. A Class C fire extinguisher commonly contains a dry chemical agent that is non-conductive, allowing it to effectively put out the fire without causing further damage to the electrical system. Boats equipped with a tri-class (1A:10BC) fire extinguisher, also known as ABC extinguishers, will be sufficiently prepared to handle Class A, B, and C fires, as they contain dry chemical agents suitable for each fire type.

Regulations and Standards

In the United States, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) is responsible for enforcing fire extinguisher regulations on recreational boats. These regulations are in place to ensure the safety of boaters and to reduce the risk of boat fires. New regulations were implemented on April 20, 2022, impacting the type and number of fire extinguishers that may be required on board.

Recreational boats are required to have a fire extinguisher on board if they have an engine and meet certain conditions, including having closed compartments where portable fuel tanks may be stored or having a double bottom that is not sealed to the hull and not completely filled with flotation materials¹. Additionally, boats with permanently installed fuel tanks or spaces capable of trapping fumes must also carry marine fire extinguishers².

The Coast Guard approved fire extinguishers are classified based on their Underwriters Laboratories (UL) ratings, which determine their effectiveness against different types of fires. The most common UL ratings for boat fire extinguishers include UL-rated Type B extinguishers for flammable liquids such as gasoline and oil, and Type C extinguishers for electrical fires³. It is essential to comply with these UL rating requirements when selecting a fire extinguisher for a boat.

To help simplify the compliance process for boaters, a table outlining the vessel length and required fire extinguisher types was released, providing clear guidelines on the number and types of extinguishers that need to be on board depending on the boat's size.

By adhering to the USCG fire extinguisher regulations and ensuring that boats have the appropriate Coast Guard approved extinguishers with the necessary UL ratings, boaters can significantly reduce the risk of fires on their vessels and ensure the safety of everyone on board.

Maintaining Your Boat Fire Extinguisher

Proper Cleaning

It is crucial to regularly clean your boat fire extinguisher to ensure its optimal performance during emergencies. To do this, remove the extinguisher from its mounting bracket and gently clean the exterior with a damp cloth. Ensure that the safety pin, nozzle, and pressure gauge are free of dirt and debris. Additionally, check and follow the specific instructions provided by the fire extinguisher manufacturer for any special cleaning procedures.

Dealing with Corrosion

Over time, extinguishers may experience corrosion, which can compromise their functionality. To examine your extinguisher for signs of corrosion, inspect the cylinder surface for any signs of rust, cracks, or metal fatigue. If you notice any signs of corrosion, it is essential to replace the fire extinguisher immediately to ensure its proper function during emergencies. Moreover, to prevent corrosion, store your extinguisher in a dry and well-ventilated area.

Pressure Gauge Reading

Maintaining the correct pressure in your boat fire extinguisher is crucial for its effective operation. The pressure gauge indicates whether the extinguisher is under- or over-pressurized. If the extinguisher's pressure is outside of the green "safe" zone (too high or too low), it may not function correctly when needed. Regularly check the pressure gauge and follow the manufacturer's guidelines for addressing any abnormal readings. Additionally, replace fire extinguishers 12 years after their manufacture date as per the new regulations effective on April 20, 2022.

By following these guidelines of proper cleaning, corrosion prevention, and pressure gauge monitoring, you'll ensure that your boat fire extinguisher remains in a reliable and serviceable condition.

Installation and Accessibility

Choosing the Right Location

When installing a boat fire extinguisher, it is important to choose a location where it will be readily accessible in case of an emergency. The ideal location should be within easy reach and in an area where the risk of a fire is higher, such as near the engine compartment or the galley. It is also essential to avoid placing the extinguisher near a heat source or in a location where it may be exposed to extreme temperatures, as this can affect its performance.

Securing the Extinguisher

To securely mount the fire extinguisher, it is recommended to use an approved mounting bracket. This will ensure that the extinguisher remains in its designated location even in rough conditions and can be easily accessed when needed. Once the mounting bracket is secured, attach the fire extinguisher to the bracket, making sure it is held tightly in place.

To ensure the extinguisher remains accessible, it should not be obstructed by any items or equipment on the boat. Regularly check the fire extinguisher's condition and accessibility, and maintain clear access to ensure its effectiveness in the event of a fire.

By following these guidelines and installing the fire extinguisher in a suitable location with a secure mounting bracket, boaters can increase their safety and be better prepared for emergencies on the water.

Specific Fire Extinguisher Models

When it comes to boat fire extinguishers, different models offer various capacities, ratings, and features to meet the specific needs of boaters. In this section, we will discuss a few popular models such as the Amerex B456, Amerex B417T, and Amerex B402, along with their specifications and suitability for various boat sizes.

Amerex B456 is a highly efficient fire extinguisher with a 10 lb ABC dry chemical agent. It is rated 3A:40B, which means it can tackle Class A, B, and C fires effectively. This extinguisher is suitable for large boats or those with more sophisticated fire hazards. Its large capacity and versatile capability make it a reliable choice for boat owners who prioritize safety.

Amerex B417T is a smaller, more compact alternative to the B456. This model contains 2.5 lb of ABC dry chemical agent and has a 1A:10B rating. The B417T is designed for smaller boats and can handle Class A, B, and C fires at a lower capacity than the B456. Its smaller size and lightweight design make it easy to store and maneuver during emergencies.

Amerex B402 is another popular model, containing 5 lb of ABC dry chemical agent. With a 3A:40B rating, this extinguisher can effectively combat Class A, B, and C fires, just like the B456. However, its lower agent capacity makes it more appropriate for medium-sized boats or those with moderate fire hazards.

For boat owners with model year 2018 or later vessels, it's important to ensure that fire extinguishers meet the new regulations that went into effect on April 20, 2022. These regulations require that extinguishers have a 12-year (or less) expiration date from the date of manufacture, and certain rating requirements depending on the vessel's length.

In summary, the Amerex B456, B417T, and B402 are popular fire extinguisher models that cater to the needs of different boat sizes and fire hazards. Boat owners should carefully consider their vessel's requirements and select an appropriate fire extinguisher that not only meets but also exceeds safety standards and regulations.

Safety Measures and Precautions

Avoiding Tampering

To ensure the optimal functioning of boat fire extinguishers, it is crucial to prevent any tampering with the gear. Regularly inspect the fire extinguishers for signs of tampering, such as a damaged discharge nozzle or a loose aluminum valve. Keep the extinguishers in a secure and easily accessible location on the boat, away from passengers who may inadvertently damage them.

Ensuring Passenger Safety

Boat owners must prioritize the safety of their passengers by providing proper fire extinguishing equipment on board. Consider having both a 5-B extinguisher and a 20-B extinguisher available, as they cater to different fire intensity levels. Make sure the boat carries the appropriate number of extinguishers according to its size and ensure they are not more than 12 years old, as per the date of manufacture on the bottle.

Maintaining a consistent, easy-to-read system for documenting fire extinguisher inspections and maintenance records can significantly contribute to enhancing fire safety on the boat. Educate all passengers about the location and basic operation of the fire extinguishers present on the vessel. This will empower them to act quickly and effectively in case of an emergency.

Understanding Boat Fire Types

When it comes to boat safety, it's important to understand the various types of fires that can occur on a vessel. There are three main classes of fires that commonly occur on boats: Class A, Class B, and Class C fires. Each class of fire involves different materials and requires different types of fire extinguishers for effective suppression.

Class A fires involve solid combustible materials, such as wood, paper, fabric, and certain plastics. These fires are typically found in living areas of a boat, where materials like textiles, upholstery, and wooden fixtures are present. To extinguish a Class A fire, an appropriate fire extinguisher would contain water or a dry chemical agent that can effectively smother the flames and cool the burning materials.

Class B fires are caused by flammable liquids and gases, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, solvents, propane, and butane. These fires are more likely to occur in areas where fuel and fuel systems are present, including engine compartments, fuel storage areas, and bilges. Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers and foam extinguishers are the recommended options for combating Class B fires, as they can effectively smother the flames and prevent reignition.

Class C fires involve electrical equipment and wiring, common in areas like the helm, navigation stations, and engine compartments. These fires are particularly dangerous due to the potential for electrical shock. To extinguish a Class C fire, a non-conductive extinguishing agent, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or a dry chemical agent, is needed to avoid aggravating the electrical issue or causing further damage to the equipment.

In summary, understanding the different types of boat fires is crucial for ensuring proper safety measures and equipment are in place on your vessel. By recognizing the unique characteristics of Class A, B, and C fires, you can equip your boat with the appropriate fire extinguishers and mitigate the risk of a fire-related disaster.

Use and Operation of Fire Extinguishers

When dealing with fires on a boat, it is crucial to understand the proper use and operation of fire extinguishers. One common type of extinguisher used in a boat's cabin is the dry chemical extinguisher. This type of extinguisher is often preferred because it is more effective and easier for inexperienced users to direct the discharge plume to the base of the flame from a safe distance.

Marine fire extinguishers are typically designed to combat Class B fires, which involve flammable liquids like gasoline, diesel, or oil. The B-II fire extinguisher is one example of a marine extinguisher that is suitable for use on boats. This extinguisher provides ample firefighting capability, especially on boats with a 2018 or newer model year, which may carry only 5-B, 10-B, or 20-B rated fire extinguishers with a date stamp.

To properly use a fire extinguisher, such as the ABC dry chemical fire extinguisher, you must follow these simple steps:

Pull the Pin: Remove the safety pin from the extinguisher to unlock it and make it ready for use.
Aim Low: Hold the fire extinguisher upright and point the nozzle at the base of the fire, not the top of the flames. You may need to crouch for a better angle.
Squeeze the Handle: Gently squeeze the handle to discharge the extinguishing agent onto the fire.
Sweep: Move the spray back and forth over the base of the flame, ensuring that the extinguishing agent is distributed adequately, and the fire remains under control.

It is essential to regularly inspect and maintain fire extinguishers onboard to ensure they remain fully operational. This includes checking the date stamp to ensure the extinguisher is within its 12-year lifespan and has at least a 5B classification, as recommended by the BoatUS Foundation.

By following these guidelines and learning how to use fire extinguishers effectively, boaters can confidently and safely combat fires while minimizing potential damage to their vessel and personal property.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the USCG fire extinguisher requirements?

The US Coast Guard (USCG) mandates that recreational boats must carry marine fire extinguishers if they have permanently installed fuel tanks or spaces that can trap fumes (source). Specific requirements vary based on the size of the vessel. For example, boats under 26 feet may need a 5-B rated fire extinguisher, while larger boats require more extinguishers or higher ratings (source).

Which type of fire extinguisher is best for marine use?

A tri-class (1A:10BC) fire extinguisher is recommended for most boats, as it provides coverage for various types of fires, including common boat fires involving fuel, oil, or electrical equipment (source).

What does 20-B or 5-B rating mean for marine fire extinguishers?

The 20-B or 5-B rating refers to the size and effectiveness of the fire extinguisher. Higher numerical values indicate a greater firefighting capacity. These ratings are assigned by the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) to indicate the extinguisher's ability to put out specific classes of fires (source).

How much does a boat fire extinguisher cost?

The cost of a boat fire extinguisher varies depending on the type, size, and brand. Typically, marine fire extinguishers range from $20 to $100 or more.

Where can I purchase a boat fire extinguisher?

Boat fire extinguishers can be purchased at marine supply stores, major retailers, and online marketplaces. It is essential to verify that the fire extinguisher meets the USCG requirements before purchase.

What are the top-rated marine fire extinguisher brands?

Some reputable marine fire extinguisher brands include Kidde, First Alert, and Amerex. Each of these brands has a variety of extinguishers designed for marine use with dependable performance and USCG approval.

Footnotes

Charlie Hardcastle
Charlie is Editor-in-Chief of Sea Magazine